food security

The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted global value chains (GVCs) by interrupting transportation and logistics frameworks, supply and production mechanisms, and demand and consumption patterns. On the pandemic onset, movement and trade restrictions were imposed by most African countries to control the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. The agricultural extension and advisory services also confronted substantial disruptions due to limited movement. Consequently, this created a food supply crisis that deterred and threatened Africa’s socio-economic development and growth, as well as…